The historical background and development of automobile brake pumps can be traced back to the early days of automobile invention. At that time, the brake system mainly relied on hand brakes and foot brakes. These methods were not only inconvenient to operate, but also often caused accidents due to improper operation. In order to solve these problems, in 1905, Lee J. Sturtevant of the United States invented the vacuum brake system, which used a vacuum pump to generate vacuum, so that the brakes were in an engaged state, realized the automation and coordination of vehicle braking, and reduced the occurrence of accidents. With the development of the automobile industry, the brake pump has undergone many improvements. In the 1960s, the pressure-assisted brake vacuum pump was invented, which generated vacuum pressure through an electric vacuum pump, improving the performance and responsiveness of the brake system. In the 1980s, the application of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) further improved the performance and service life of the brake pump. The early brake system was mainly mechanical braking, relying on the principle of levers to brake through friction between friction blocks and tires. As the speed of the vehicle increased, this simple mechanical brake gradually became incapable. In 1900, William Maybach invented the earliest drum brake, which brakes by friction between the friction plate and the inner side of the brake drum rotating with the wheel, but was later replaced by disc brakes due to its heat dissipation and performance problems. In 1902, Frederick William Lanchester designed the earliest disc brake. Although it was not widely used at the time due to material and technical limitations, with the development of material technology, disc brakes gradually became mainstream.
The technical features of modern brake pumps include electric vacuum pumps, pressure auxiliary systems and the application of micro-electromechanical technology, which significantly improve the performance and reliability of the brake system.
